Australia Stargazing Guide: Outback Skies, Dark-Sky Parks & Milky Way Roads
Stargazing in Australia is strongest where the populated coastal fringe gives way to the dry interior, broad mesa country and protected night-sky landscapes. The shared Preferred Observing Window is September–October, when all nine planning centers retain long astronomical darkness while inland roads and camps are generally more practical than in midsummer. The score covers a fixed portfolio of nine locations, not every part of the continent.
Australia Stargazing Marker Map
Markers are approximate planning centers. Reserve boundaries, campground rules, cultural restrictions, road conditions and lawful night access must be checked with the responsible authority.
Use each marker as a regional planning center. Confirm the final stopping place, road condition and night-use rule with the relevant authority.
Australia Stargazing Suitability Score
This transparent editorial suitability index compares the selected location portfolio through disclosed darkness, cloud, atmospheric, horizon, access and astronomy-support evidence. It is not an official sky classification, a live forecast or a guarantee of access.
The number represents nine named planning centers. It does not describe every square kilometre of Australia, and it should not be read as a single national Bortle or SQM value.
Method: Official Categorical Evidence. The fixed rubric assigns 95 to monitored very-dark cores without a dominant nearby city dome, 85 to protected or remote low-light territory, 70 to strong rural sky with a regional dome, and lower values where settlement influence rises.
Raw: Four sanctuary, reserve or park cores; two designated community or reserve-edge sites; one remote Pilbara park; one booked Red Centre base outside ordinary park closing hours.
Location Values: Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary 95; Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve 95; The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary 95; Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base 85; Winton Dark Sky Community 85; Swan Reach Conservation Park 95; Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area 85; Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman 85; Little Yabba Rest Area 70.
Source Mapping: DarkSky designation records support Arkaroola, Karlu Karlu, The Jump-Up, Winton, River Murray, Warrumbungle and Sunshine Coast. Northern Territory Parks describes Karlu Karlu as having no light pollution and uninterrupted night-sky views. Parks Australia supports the outside-park rule at Uluṟu. Western Australia park material confirms Karijini’s remote protected setting without supplying a point SQM value.
Median: Sorted 4th and 5th scores are 85 and 85; portfolio median 85.0.
Period: Current designation and access sources are used as provenance; no live radiance extraction is claimed.
Sources: DarkSky International — Australia places; Parks Australia — Uluṟu astrophotography rules; Explore Parks WA — Karijini.
Method: Disclosed Editorial Rubric using Bureau of Meteorology station and gridded climatology context. Scores follow the fixed categories: 95 very high reliability, 85 dry and frequently clear, 70 usable with regular interruptions, 55 mixed reliability.
Raw: No uniform point total-cloud-cover extraction was available for all nine markers. The same September–October window was classified from official sunshine, cloud, rainfall and station context.
Location Values: Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary 95; Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve 95; The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary 95; Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base 95; Winton Dark Sky Community 90; Swan Reach Conservation Park 85; Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area 95; Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman 70; Little Yabba Rest Area 55.
Source Mapping: Arid interior, Barkly and Pilbara markers map to high-sunshine inland climatology; Warrumbungle receives a lower spring score because eastern New South Wales weather systems interrupt otherwise usable nights; Little Yabba is reduced for humid coastal-influenced hinterland cloud.
Median: With nine locations, the fifth sorted score is 95; portfolio median 95.0.
Period: September–October climatology. Bureau cloud grids use historical periods documented by the product, including 1976–2005 for one national cloud grid; station records vary.
Sources: Bureau of Meteorology — Climate Data Online; Bureau of Meteorology — sunshine-hour averages; Bureau of Meteorology — gridded climatology periods.
Method: Disclosed Editorial Rubric for moisture and recurring aerosol risk. Scores use the fixed categories: 95 very dry plateau or desert, 85 dry interior, 70 moderate moisture or occasional aerosol, 55 humid or haze-prone.
Raw: Nationally consistent point total-column-water-vapour values were not claimed. Moisture regime, elevation, maritime exposure and recurring dust or smoke risk were treated as planning proxies.
Location Values: Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary 95; Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve 95; The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary 95; Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base 95; Winton Dark Sky Community 90; Swan Reach Conservation Park 85; Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area 95; Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman 80; Little Yabba Rest Area 55.
Source Mapping: The Red Centre, Barkly Region, northern Flinders Ranges, Channel Country and Pilbara receive dry-air scores with dust or smoke cautions. River Murray and Warrumbungle retain useful transparency but face episodic haze. Little Yabba sits in a humid hinterland where low cloud and moisture reduce consistency.
Median: With nine locations, the fifth sorted score is 95; portfolio median 95.0.
Period: September–October climatological setting; smoke and dust remain event-dependent and require a current check.
Sources: Bureau of Meteorology — maps of average conditions; Bureau of Meteorology — historical climate maps; Bureau of Meteorology — climate summaries.
Method: Full-window solar-altitude calculation. Every night from 1 September through 31 October in the fixed seasonal reference calendar was counted at each marker latitude, and only time with the Sun below −18° was treated as astronomical darkness. Normalization is 100 at 9 hours or more, 90 at 8 hours, 75 at 6 hours, 55 at 4 hours, 30 at 2 hours and 0 at 0 hours, with linear interpolation.
Raw: Expected nights 61 per marker; calculated nights 61 per marker; portfolio coverage 549/549 location-nights.
Location Values: Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary, 30.31°S, 8.932 h, 61/61 nights, score 99.3; Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve, 20.565°S, 9.254 h, 61/61, score 100; The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary, 22.54°S, 9.200 h, 61/61, score 100; Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base, 25.24°S, 9.118 h, 61/61, score 100; Winton Dark Sky Community, 22.39°S, 9.204 h, 61/61, score 100; Swan Reach Conservation Park, 34.56°S, 8.738 h, 61/61, score 97.4; Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area, 22.48°S, 9.202 h, 61/61, score 100; Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman, 31.29°S, 8.890 h, 61/61, score 98.9; Little Yabba Rest Area, 26.62°S, 9.071 h, 61/61, score 100.
Source Mapping: Marker latitudes are the same coordinates used by the map and cards. Solar declination and altitude geometry follow the NOAA solar-calculation method; the result is a geometric duration, not a cloud-adjusted usable-night estimate.
Median: Sorted 4th and 5th normalized scores are 100 and 100; portfolio median 100.0.
Period: 1 September–31 October · 61/61 nights at every location.
Sources: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory — solar calculation details.
Method: Disclosed Editorial Rubric combining mapped elevation with terrain openness. The fixed scale gives 100 to broad near-360° high or dry terrain, 85 to a strong open-horizon advantage, 70 to mixed but useful terrain, 50 to frequent obstruction and 25 to heavily constrained sky sectors.
Raw: Approximate mapped elevations and site-form evidence were reviewed together; elevation alone did not set the score.
Location Values: Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary 90; Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve 85; The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary 95; Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base 90; Winton Dark Sky Community 90; Swan Reach Conservation Park 85; Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area 85; Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman 80; Little Yabba Rest Area 60.
Source Mapping: The Jump-Up mesa, Winton plains, Red Centre base and open mallee receive broad-horizon scores. Karlu Karlu sits in a wide shallow valley with broad sky, while boulder groups can block some low sectors. Arkaroola and Karijini gain altitude but retain local ridge or gorge limits. Camp Blackman is enclosed by volcanic terrain in some directions. Little Yabba is a low hinterland rest area with tree and ridge obstruction.
Median: With nine locations, the fifth sorted score is 85; portfolio median 85.0.
Period: Terrain checked against current site descriptions and national elevation products available at review.
Sources: Geoscience Australia — digital elevation data; ELVIS elevation discovery service; Geoscience Australia — 1-second derived DEM.
Method: Official Categorical Evidence using the fixed access rubric: 100 designated public observing site with explicit night rules, 85 public road or booked facility with a named authority, 70 generally public access with gate, fire, road or permit checks, 50 mixed or uncertain stopping rights, 25 restricted or permit-heavy access.
Raw: Three booked or authority-managed astronomy bases, two park camp or rest-area bases, one town community, one 24-hour reserve core requiring 4WD, and one remote national-park recreation area.
Location Values: Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary 85; Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve 85; The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary 70; Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base 85; Winton Dark Sky Community 85; Swan Reach Conservation Park 70; Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area 70; Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman 85; Little Yabba Rest Area 85.
Source Mapping: Karlu Karlu is reached from the Stuart Highway by 2WD and has an authority-managed campground that must be booked online; visitors also need the applicable NT Parks Visitor Pass. Swan Reach is officially open 24 hours but its core requires 4WD and can close for fire danger. Uluṟu visitors must leave the park by closing time unless using an authorised experience. Little Yabba is listed by Sunshine Coast Council as a stargazing park or lookout. Other scores reflect official campground, facility or local-authority control.
Median: Sorted 4th and 5th scores are 85 and 85; portfolio median 85.0.
Period: Normal access regimes are used for the baseline. Gates, roads, fire restrictions, campground availability and tour schedules can change.
Sources: Parks SA — Swan Reach Conservation Park; Parks Australia — park closing rule; Sunshine Coast Council — listed stargazing places.
Method: Official Categorical Evidence. The fixed rubric gives 100 to a current designation plus public astronomy support and active lighting controls, 85 to a designation or strong public facility with extra support, 70 to a verified observatory, tour or local lighting protection, 50 to limited verified infrastructure and 25 to weak verified support.
Raw: Seven markers sit inside a current International Dark Sky Place or at its named public planning site. The Red Centre has an authorised astronomy experience. Karijini has strong natural conditions but weak verified astronomy-support evidence for this scoring purpose.
Location Values: Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary 100; Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve 85; The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary 100; Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base 70; Winton Dark Sky Community 100; Swan Reach Conservation Park 95; Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area 25; Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman 95; Little Yabba Rest Area 100.
Source Mapping: Winton was designated in March 2026. The Sunshine Coast reserve was designated in June 2026 and includes observatory and lighting-management support. Karlu Karlu was recognised as an International Dark Sky Sanctuary in August 2026, with a lighting management plan and night-sky interpretation planned by the Northern Territory. Arkaroola, The Jump-Up, River Murray and Warrumbungle retain current DarkSky listings.
Median: With nine locations, the fifth sorted score is 95; portfolio median 95.0.
Period: Current certification and support status is used as source provenance.
Sources: DarkSky International — Winton; DarkSky International — Sunshine Coast; DarkSky International — Arkaroola; DarkSky International — Karlu Karlu; DarkSky International — The Jump-Up; DarkSky International — River Murray; DarkSky International — Warrumbungle.
Weighted Total: 85×0.30 + 95×0.20 + 95×0.15 + 100×0.10 + 85×0.10 + 85×0.10 + 95×0.05 = 90.5 → 91/100
Read the Stargazing Suitability Score methodologyNine Ranked Stargazing Locations in Australia
Scores use the same seven factors and the same September–October window. Search and filters do not change the ranking.
9 locations shown
Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary
Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia · approximate elevation 430 m
Arkaroola combines a current International Dark Sky Sanctuary designation with an established astronomy program and very low surrounding settlement pressure. The marker represents the sanctuary base, not a promise that every internal track or ridge is open after dark.
- Approximate planning center: 30.31°S, 139.34°E.
- Average astronomical darkness across the Preferred Observing Window: 8.932 hours per night.
- Dry northern Flinders air and elevated terrain support strong transparency potential.
- Local ridges can block a sector of sky; choose the authorised observing area for the intended target.
Main trade-off: The long approach and remote-road exposure improve darkness but raise fuel, tyre, wildlife and return-route demands. Verify road advice before leaving the sealed network.
The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary
Winton, Queensland · approximate elevation 250 m
The Australian Age of Dinosaurs museum sits on a mesa about 24 km from Winton, separating this sanctuary from the town-based community option. Its horizon and darkness scores are higher than Winton’s, while independent night access is less flexible because museum operations and organised astronomy activities govern practical use.
- Approximate planning center: 22.54°S, 143.04°E.
- Full-window astronomical darkness averages 9.200 hours.
- The mesa rises above the surrounding Channel Country plains.
- Published sanctuary monitoring supports the dark-sky designation; it does not grant unrestricted compound access.
Access rule: Use a booked event or museum-authorised experience. Do not enter closed museum or service areas, and avoid white headlights around active observers.
Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve
Barkly Region, Northern Territory · Stuart Highway 2WD access
Karlu Karlu was recognised as the Northern Territory’s first and Australia’s third International Dark Sky Sanctuary in August 2026. DarkSky International reports no permanent lighting at the reserve or nearby, while Northern Territory Parks describes uninterrupted night-sky views from the reserve. The wide shallow valley suits broad-sky observing, though large boulder groups can block low sectors.
- Approximate planning center: 20.565°S, 134.291°E, using the Northern Territory Place Names Register reserve location.
- Average astronomical darkness across the September–October seasonal reference window: 9.254 hours per night.
- The campground is 2WD accessible and must be booked online before arrival; visitors to NT parks also need the applicable visitor pass.
- Almost the entire 1,800-hectare reserve is a registered sacred site for Kaytetye, Warumungu, Warlpiri and Alyawarra Traditional Owners.
Cultural and access rule: Traditional Owners ask visitors not to climb the boulders. Stay on designated roads and tracks, camp only in the booked camping area, and follow current park rules; drones and generators are not permitted.
Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base
Red Centre, Northern Territory · approximate elevation 500 m
This score is attached to the Yulara-based night-sky planning center and authorised astronomy experiences, not to an unrestricted after-hours point inside Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. The desert plain gives a broad southern horizon and reliable spring weather, but cultural and park rules set the observing geometry.
- Approximate planning center: 25.24°S, 130.99°E.
- Average astronomical darkness: 9.118 hours.
- Parks Australia states that ordinary visitors must leave the national park by closing time.
- Authorised astro tours can hold special night access; independent astrophotography must use lawful locations outside the closed park.
Main caution: A famous foreground does not override Anangu cultural restrictions, park closing times or photography rules. Confirm the authorised location before setting up.
Winton Dark Sky Community
Channel Country, Queensland · approximate elevation 180 m
Winton became Queensland’s first International Dark Sky Community in March 2026. It is the practical town-base counterpart to The Jump-Up: fuel, accommodation and public streets are close, while local lighting and the need to choose a lawful low-glare edge-of-town position keep its light-escape score below the sanctuary.
- Approximate planning center: 22.39°S, 143.04°E.
- Average astronomical darkness: 9.204 hours.
- Open Channel Country horizons work well for southern Milky Way arcs and wide-field imaging.
- Winton Shire has a formal dark-sky lighting policy and community designation.
Town-edge trade-off: Do not stop on the highway shoulder or private station land. Use legal parking, shield vehicle lights and plan the short return route before dark.
Swan Reach Conservation Park
River Murray, South Australia · approximate elevation 40 m
Swan Reach Conservation Park is the core zone of the River Murray International Dark Sky Reserve. Parks SA lists the park as open 24 hours, yet the reserve-core access is 4WD-only and fire-danger closures can override the normal opening pattern.
- Approximate planning center: 34.56°S, 139.60°E.
- Average astronomical darkness: 8.738 hours.
- Open mallee country supports broad horizons without high-elevation dependence.
- The reserve’s protection and monitoring support a high light-escape score.
Route constraint: Check vehicle suitability, fire-danger status and the exact legal stopping area. Do not block tracks or treat a map pin as a campsite.
Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area
Pilbara, Western Australia · approximate elevation 700 m
The Dales Recreation Area gives Karijini a defined public planning base rather than an arbitrary roadside point. Dry Pilbara air and high country score well, but gorge walls, spinifex fire conditions, long distances and weak formal astronomy infrastructure lower the overall result.
- Approximate planning center: 22.48°S, 118.56°E.
- Average astronomical darkness: 9.202 hours.
- Use open recreation or campground ground for sky access; gorge floors are poor horizon sites after dark.
- Park entry, campsite booking and road alerts require a current check.
Main trade-off: Excellent dry-sky potential comes with limited mobile coverage, wildlife, unsealed-road sections and a long recovery route if a vehicle fails.
Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman
Orana, New South Wales · approximate elevation 530 m
Camp Blackman gives the Warrumbungle score a practical public campground base inside Australia’s first International Dark Sky Park. It is easier to use than the remote sanctuary cores, though spring cloud interruptions and volcanic ridges reduce the climate and horizon factors.
- Approximate planning center: 31.29°S, 149.00°E.
- Average astronomical darkness: 8.890 hours.
- Coonabarabran and the Siding Spring astronomy district add strong support nearby.
- Campground lighting, trees and ridges mean the best sky sector depends on the chosen pitch and target.
Operational caution: Book the campground where required, check park alerts and arrive before sunset. Keep headlights low and do not set equipment in vehicle lanes.
Little Yabba Rest Area
Cambroon, Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland · approximate elevation 120 m
Little Yabba is one of the parks and lookouts named by Sunshine Coast Council for stargazing inside the reserve designated in June 2026. It supplies the portfolio’s lower-altitude, easier-access option, but humid maritime air, local vegetation and variable cloud leave a large gap to the outback leaders.
- Approximate planning center: 26.62°S, 152.68°E.
- Average astronomical darkness: 9.071 hours.
- The Blackall Range helps shield parts of the reserve from the coastal urban corridor.
- Rest-area use is not permission to occupy traffic lanes, camp unlawfully or create glare for other visitors.
Weather limit: Low cloud, dew and haze can erase the reserve’s light-pollution advantage. Use the current satellite and forecast, and carry lens-heater or dew-control equipment.
Outback Portfolio Comparison: Sanctuary Cores, Town Bases and Park Camps
The order is identical to the map and ranked cards.
| Rank | Location | Score | Light Escape | Clear Sky | Night Access | Main Constraint |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary | 94 | 95 | 95 | 85 | Remote approach and local ridge sectors |
| 2 | The Jump-Up Dark-Sky Sanctuary | 93 | 95 | 95 | 70 | Museum or organised-access dependence |
| 3 | Karlu Karlu / Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve | 93 | 95 | 95 | 85 | Sacred-site rules, booked campground and boulder-obstructed low sectors |
| 4 | Uluṟu–Yulara Night-Sky Base | 90 | 85 | 95 | 85 | Park closing time and cultural rules |
| 5 | Winton Dark Sky Community | 90 | 85 | 90 | 85 | Town glow and lawful stopping-point choice |
| 6 | Swan Reach Conservation Park | 88 | 95 | 85 | 70 | 4WD core access and fire closures |
| 7 | Karijini National Park — Dales Recreation Area | 86 | 85 | 95 | 70 | Long remote roads and gorge obstruction |
| 8 | Warrumbungle National Park — Camp Blackman | 83 | 85 | 70 | 85 | Spring cloud and volcanic ridges |
| 9 | Little Yabba Rest Area | 70 | 70 | 55 | 85 | Coastal moisture, cloud and trees |
Milky Way Road Timing from the Red Centre to the Pilbara
September: Earlier Galactic-Core Evenings
At Uluṟu–Yulara, Karlu Karlu, Winton, The Jump-Up and Karijini, the bright Sagittarius–Scorpius region is already moving westward after dusk. Plan wide-field work early in the night rather than assuming the core remains high until midnight. A western foreground needs a clear legal setup point before sunset.
October: Southern Objects Take Over
By October, the evening Galactic Centre window shortens, but the southern sky remains productive. The Magellanic Clouds, Carina region later in the night, Crux and broad southern Milky Way fields favor open south and southeast horizons. Winton’s plains and the Yulara base handle this geometry better than wooded Little Yabba.
Darkness Is Long; Road Time Is Longer
All nine markers average at least 8.738 hours of astronomical darkness across the window. That does not make a late departure sensible. Arkaroola, Karlu Karlu, Swan Reach and Karijini require enough daylight to inspect the final road, identify legal parking and establish a return route without relying on mobile coverage.
Sealed Town Bases, 4WD Cores and Park Gates
Winton’s Two-Level Choice
Winton and The Jump-Up are close on the map but answer different planning needs. Winton is the serviceable town base with a 2026 Dark Sky Community designation. The Jump-Up is the darker mesa sanctuary tied to the Australian Age of Dinosaurs site. Use the town for flexible logistics; use the sanctuary through an authorised program when horizon and light control matter more.
Swan Reach Core Is Not a Casual Pull-Off
Parks SA identifies Swan Reach Conservation Park as the River Murray reserve core, open 24 hours under normal conditions, with 4WD access to the core and closures on catastrophic fire-danger days. The Adelaide escape is therefore a route decision, not merely a distance decision. Carry recovery gear and verify the latest closure notice.
Uluṟu’s Closing Boundary Changes the Shot
Ordinary visitors must leave Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park by closing time. Night photography needs a lawful point outside the park or an authorised experience with special access. Do not infer night access from a daytime viewpoint, and do not use a road shoulder to recreate a restricted composition.
Karijini: Gorge Foregrounds, Plateau Sky
Karijini’s gorges are strong daytime subjects but poor all-sky observing bowls. The Dales planning center directs visitors toward established recreation and camping infrastructure; an open plateau or campground sector is generally more useful than a gorge floor. Check roads, seasonal closures and campsite status before the long approach.
City Domes, East-Coast Cloud and Fire-Season Checks
Adelaide to River Murray
The River Murray reserve sits roughly east of Adelaide, so the metropolitan dome can remain directionally relevant even when the core sky is very dark. Frame the darkest targets away from the city sector, and assess dust or smoke after windy or fire-affected days.
Sydney to Warrumbungle
The Warrumbungle route trades the coastal urban belt for inland elevation and protected darkness. The remaining limit is often weather rather than city light: spring fronts, cloud bands and local valley moisture can interrupt a planned observing run. Check both cloud layers and park alerts.
Sunshine Coast Reserve: Protected Darkness, Maritime Air
The June 2026 designation protects an accessible hinterland sky behind the Blackall Range, yet it cannot remove dew, low cloud or coastal haze. Little Yabba works as a short-notice observing base only when satellite imagery and local cloud trends agree. Its lower score reflects atmosphere and horizon, not a lack of lighting work.
Fire and smoke: Spring can bring prescribed burns, grass-fire danger or transported smoke. Use official fire and park alerts, avoid closed tracks, and do not assume a clear weather forecast means a transparent sky.
Tonight’s Astronomical Darkness
Calculated live from each location’s coordinates using NOAA’s public solar-position formula. Weather, cloud cover and local obstructions are not included.
Calculating…
Score Verification and Limits
Verification Record
Preferred Observing Window: September–October
Locations assessed: 9
Method: Version 2.2
Comparability quality: C
Principal periods: Fixed 61-night seasonal solar geometry; current designation and access sources; mixed historical Bureau of Meteorology climatology.
Limits
Artificial light, clear sky and atmospheric moisture use disclosed categorical evidence where a uniform point extraction was not available. Marker elevations are approximate planning values, and terrain scores combine mapped height with local horizon form.
Roads, fire restrictions, campground rules, tour schedules and park gates can change. Recheck the linked authority on the day of travel. A marker is not an exact parking instruction.
Source groups: DarkSky International place records; Australian national, state and local park authorities; Bureau of Meteorology climatology; Geoscience Australia elevation products; NOAA solar-position calculation details.